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Bernard II, Count of Besalú
Bernard II (died 1100) was the Count of Besalú and Ripoll in Catalonia, the brother, co-ruler (from 1052), and successor of William II, who was assassinated in 1066. The second son of William I of Besalú and his wife, Adelaide, Bernard married his first cousin Ermengarda, daughter of Ponç I of Empúries and Adelaide, sister of William I. He is sometimes called Bernat (Catalan) or Bernardo (Spanish).
He was a strong proponent of the Gregorian reforms, perhaps to dispel suspicions about his involvement in the murder of his brother.〔Jonathan Riley-Smith (1998), ''The First Crusaders, 1095–1131'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 45.〕 Described as "piadós i versatil" (pious and versatile),〔A. Pladevall i Font (1995), "El monestir de Sant Joan de les Abadesses," ''Art i cultura als monestirs del Ripollès'', Proceedings of the First Week of Studies, 16–18 de September 1992 (Abadia de Montserrat), 55.〕 he was the opposite of his brother, "iracund i violent de caràcter" (of an irascible and violent character).〔By Ferrán Valls i Taberner and Ferrán Soldevila (2002), ''Història de Catalunya'' (Abadia de Montserrat), 99.〕 He almost certainly took the cross and joined the First Crusade.〔Riley-Smith, 201.〕
==Coinage==
During his co-reign with his brother, ''denarii'' and ''oboli'' were minted by the church bearing an effigy of Saint Raphael on the obverse, with the initials S-R, and an effigy of Saint Prim or perhaps Jesus Christ on the reverse.〔An altar dedicated to Raphael was donated by Miro III of Cerdagne to the church of Sant Vicenç de Besalú, which church was then itself donated to Sant Salvador, Sant Genís i Sant Miquel Arcàngel by Miro, a church which was also had the advocacy of the Virgin Mary when Pope Benedict VIII had granted a bull creating an ephemeral diocese in Beaslú to Bernard's grandfather and namesake, Bernard I Taillefer. Some relics of Prim had been conserved in the church of Sant Pere de Besalú since 970.〕 In 1075 Bernard recovered the right to mint coinage, which had been granted to the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary by his father. The coins he minted, weighing between .5 and .6 grams, were divided by a cross on the obverse, with the words SANC-TA CR-VX (''sancta crux'' means holy cross) on the horizontal and vertical bars respectively, and with the letters BR-NR-DS-CO (''Bernardus comes'', meaning count Bernard) in the spaces remaining. The reverse bore the word BISIL-DVNO (''Bisilduno'', of Besalú).〔Anna Maria Balaguer Prunes (1999), ''Història de la moneda dels comtats catalans'' (Institut d'Estudis Catalans), 170. The most important find of Bernard II's coinage was at La Jonquera.〕 Bernard did grant to the church a tenth of the money minted in Besalú in perpetuity, whether of gold or of silver.〔Balaguer Prunes, 171.〕
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